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Chemistry International
Vol. 23, No. 4
July 2001

 

Long-Range Research Initiative (LRI) of the American Chemistry Council (cont')

Table 3 Selected highlights of projects funded by the Long-Range Research Initiative as of June 2000.

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Projects

Link to
> Objective
>> Outcome
>>> Status

1. Chemical carcinogenesis: Study the potential health effects of trace amounts of chloroform in drinking water.
2. Endocrine, reproductive, and developmental toxicity: Develop models for representative species and determine whether they act asan indication for endocrine-activematerials.
3. Environmental research: Evaluate habitat use to improve exposure assessment and evaluateemission rates for ambientexposure levels.
4. Epidemiology
5. Exposure modeling research: Address the limitations of existing models used to predict the occurence of human exposure through various pathways.
6. Immunotoxicology: Develop animal models that predict the ability of chemical allergens to induce or exacerbate reactions in the respiratory tract.
7. Respiratory toxicology: Study dosimetry and risk assessment issues for inhaled gases.
8. Risk assessment methods: Study the effects of interindividual differences in human nasal anatomy on respiratory airflow and inhaled gas uptake.

---

Project
> Objective
>> Outcome
>>> Status

1. Chemical carcinogenesis: Study the potential health effects of trace amounts of chloroform in drinking water.
   > Determine the mechanism of action for liver tumor formation.
   >> Results showed that tumorformation in test animals isnot relevant to chloroform risk assessment.
   >>> The U.S. Environmental Protec-tion Agency has revised its riskassessment of chloroform.
   
   
2. Endocrine, reproductive, and developmental toxicity: Develop models for representative species and determine whether they act asan indication for endocrine-activematerials.
   > Determine how the findings involving the response of onespecies apply to humans andother animals.
   >> Studies are in progress.
   >>> Three projects are under way.
   
   
3. Environmental research: Evaluate habitat use to improve exposure assessment and evaluateemission rates for ambientexposure levels.
   > Collect data to validate existing or new habitatevaluation methods.
   >> Studies are in progress.
   >>> Two projects are under way.
   
   
4. Epidemiology
   > Examine mortality of 1 million Chemical workers.
   >> Information on long-termhealth effects was obtained.
   >>> This project has been completed. Peer review is under way.
   
   
5. Exposure modeling research: Address the limitations of existing models used to predict the occurence of human exposure through various pathways.
   > Establish better exposure model for high-production-other chemicalsfor which there will be healtheffects data.
   >> Studies are in progress.
   >>> Three projects are under way.
   
   
6. Immunotoxicology: Develop animal models that predict the ability of chemical allergens to induce or exacerbate reactions in the respiratory tract.
   > Examine different measurements in rodents exposed to known respiratory allergens to determine the most accurate predictors of whether a chemical is capable of actingas a respiratory allergen.
   >> Studies are in progress.
   >>> Three studies have beensponsored, two by the American Chemistry Council and one by the European Chemical Industry Council.
   
   
7. Respiratory toxicology: Study dosimetry and risk assessment issues for inhaled gases.
   > Develop, refine, and expand computational biological models for the upper respiratory tract.
   >> Studies are in progress.
   >>> Collaboration is under way withU.S. EPA scientists to refineinhalation reference concentration(RfC) methodology.
   
   
8. Risk assessment methods: Study the effects of interindividual differences in human nasal anatomy on respiratory airflow and inhaled gas uptake.
   > Simulate airflow and regional gas uptake in nasal passages.
   >> Studies are in progress.
   >>> There is the potential for thedevelopment of several newhuman computational fluiddynamics models based ondifferent nasal anatomies.

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