IUPAC COMMISSION IV.1
MACROMOLECULAR NOMENCLATURE
Since the General Assembly in Geneva, August 1997, the Commission has
met from 19th 22nd July, 1998, in Sydney, just after the World Polymer
Congress, Macro '98. In addition, Professor R.G. Jones has organised
a Working Party meeting in Mainz, connected with the Pool
Project, 27/95.
PROJECTS
In the period covered by this report, the Commission has published
TWO projects and worked on THIRTEEN other projects. W.V. Metanomski
has also contributed, on behalf of the Commission, to Chapter 6 of the
recent IUPAC publication Principles of Chemical Nomenclature.
The number of projects published in this biennium is two less than for
1995-1997. However, several new projects were launched in Geneva and
the number of active projects has increased by four. In addition, six
new feasibility studies have been started.
Published Projects
1. (410/9/83) Source-Based Nomenclature for Non-Linear Macromolecules
and Macromolecular Assemblies. Pure Appl. Chem. 1997, 69 2511-2521
2. (410/23/93)
Terms Relating to the Non-Ultimate Mechanical Properties of Polymers.
Pure Appl. Chem.
1998, 70 701-754
Current Projects
Liquid Crystals (410/18/87)
Coordinator(s): V.P. Shibaev. A report has been prepared for public
and IDCNS review by M. Barón, G. Luckhurst and R.F.T. Stepto.
The reviews should be completed by 31st December, 1999. Completion Date:
1997
Revision of Nomenclature of Regular, Single-Strand Polymers (410/19/89)
Coordinator(s) J. Kahovec and W.V. Metanomski. This was discussed in
Geneva and Sydney and is being prepared for public review. Completion
Date: 1997
G
eneric Source-Based Nomenclature
for Polymers (410/21/93)
Coordinator(s) E. Maréchal. This was discussed in detail
in Geneva and Sydney and a new version has been prepared by and circulated
to the Commission. It will be discussed further by the Commission at
the General Assembly in Berlin and prepared for public and IDCNS review
shortly thereafter. Completion Date: 1999
Guide to Polymer Terminology and Nomenclature (410/22/93)
Coordinator(s) W.V. Metanomski. This was discussed in detail in Geneva
and Sydney. Drafts of several chapters have now been completed and are
under discussion. Further discussions will be held in Berlin. This project
is a large undertaking. However, the structures of the chapters are
taking shape and steady progress is being made. Completion Date: 1999
Terminology Related to Multi-Phase Polymeric Composites and Blends
(410/24/93) Coordinator(s)
K. Horie and W.J. Work. A revised version has been prepared by W.J.
Work since the Sydney meeting and is being distributed to outside experts.
The project will be discussed further by the Commission at the General
Assembly in Berlin. Completion Date: 1999
Asymmetric Polymerizations (410/25/95)
Coordinator(s) K. Hatada and J. Kahovec. The project was discussed in
detail in Geneva and collaboration with Commission III.1 was established.
A draft is being distributed to outside experts. The project will be
discussed again by the Commission at the General Assembly in Berlin.
Completion Date: 2003
Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Polymerization (410/26/95)
Coordinator(s) E. Maréchal and S. Penczek. A new draft was prepared
by E. Maréchal and S. Penczek and discussed in Sydney. The assistance
of R. G. Gilbert (Commission IV.2) was much appreciated. A new version
is being prepared for distribution to outside experts and will be discussed
by the Commission at the General Assembly in Berlin. Completion Date:
2001
Terminology in Ceramics and Inorganic/Organic Polymeric Substances
(410/27/95) Coordinator(s)
R.G. Jones (Commission IV.1) and D. Holland, R.G. Jones (IV.1) has replaced
A.B. Brennan (IV.1) as the Pool Titular Member directing the project.
A list of terms was discussed at the meeting in Sydney and it was decided
to amalgamate Feasibility Study F-13 (Polymer Gel Terminology)
with the project. A Working party meeting was organized in Mainz by
R.G. Jones, with M. Hess, I. Meisel and R.G. Jones attending. A new
draft document will be discussed in Berlin. (D. Holland (II.2) the other
Pool Titular Member no longer seems to be active on the project). Completion
Date: 2001
Terminology and Nomenclature of Hyperbranched Macromolecules and
Dendrimer Molecules (410/28/97)
Coordinator(s) J. Kahovec. This project was previously Feasibility
Study F-11. It was launched as a new project in Geneva. A draft
was prepared by J. Kahovec and E.S. Wilks for discussion in Sydney.
A new draft will be prepared and discussed in Berlin. Completion Date:
2003
Nomenclature of Cyclic Macromolecules (410/29/97)
Coordinator(s) E. Maréchal. This project was Feasibility Study
F-12. It was launched as a new project in Geneva. A draft was prepared
by E. Maréchal for discussion in Sydney. It was decided that
Threaded Macrocyclics should be the subject of a separate study.
(See Feasibility Study F-20.) A new draft will be prepared by
E. Maréchal, R. Fox and E.S. Wilks for discussion in Berlin.
Completion Date: 2003
Glossary of Polymer Class Names (410/30/97)
Coordinator(s) W.V. Metanomski. This project was previously Feasibility
Study F-14. It was launched as a new project in Geneva. A draft
was prepared by W.V. Metanomski for discussion in Sydney. A new draft
will be prepared for discussion in Berlin. Completion Date: 2003
Polymerization Processes and Polymers in Dispersed Systems (410/31/97)
Coordinator(s) K. Horie, S. Penczek and S. Slomkowski. This project
was initiated by S. Slomkowski with much international support. It was
launched immediately as a project in Geneva. A draft was prepared by
S. Slomkowski, S. Penczek and K. Horie for discussion in Sydney. A new
draft will be prepared for discussion in Berlin. Completion Date: 2003
Terminology of the Chromatography of Polymers and Related Materials.(422/1/98)
This project is a collaborative project with Commission IV.2. It was
launched in Geneva and is being coordinated by D. Berek of Commission
IV.2. M. Hess is coordinating the activities of IV.1 on the project.
A list of terms will be prepared by D. Berek and M. Hess for discussion
in Berlin. Completion Date: 2000
FEASIBILITY STUDIES
F-6 was proposed initially in Lisbon (1993), F-13 in
Seoul (1996), F-15, F-16, and F-17 in Geneva and
F-18, F-19 and F-20 in Sydney.
F-6: Thermal and Thermomechanical Properties of Polymers. Numerous
letters of support for this project had been obtained and it was proposed
in Sydney by R.G. Gilbert to make it a Division Project. This was agreed
to and it was also agreed to involve the ICTA in the project. It would
be prepared for launching as a project in Berlin.
F-13: Polymer Gel Terminology. The list of terms was discussed
further in Sydney and it was decided to amalgamate the project with
27/95 on Terminology in Ceramics and Inorganic/Organic Polymeric
Substances
F-15: Functionalization of Polymers. The list of terms to be
considered was prepared by K. Horie for discussion in Sydney. Modifications
were suggested. Letters of support were to be obtained and a draft prepared
by K. Horie for discussion in Berlin, where, hopefully, it would be
launched as a project.
F-16: Terminology of Ion-Containing Polymers. The proposed list
of terms prepared by P. Kubisa was discussed in Sydney. Possible overlaps
with Inorganic Chemistry nomenclature were discussed. Contacts would
be made with the Inorganic Nomenclature Commission to define possible
collaboration. A new draft with letters of support would be prepared
by P. Kubisa for discussion in Berlin.
F-17: Terminology of Dielectric Properties of Polymers. A list
of terms was prepared by M. Barón and discussed in Sydney. There
was industrial support for the project but there appeared to be a lack
of terms related specifically to polymers. Also, it may be desirable
to include mechanical properties that are related to dielectric behaviour.
A new list of terms and supporting letters would be prepared by M. Barón
for discussion in Berlin.
F-18: Terminology Related to the Ultimate Mechanical Properties
of Polymers. This project was proposed by W.J. Work. There was industrial
support for the project, which would extend the Commission's recent
publication on Non-Ultimate Mechanical Properties. A list of
terms would be prepared by M. Hess, E.S. Wilks and W.J. Work for discussion
in Berlin.
F-19: Source-Based Nomenclature for Modified Polymer Molecules.
This project was proposed by E. Maréchal and E.S. Wilks. It is
important for industry. A Working Party was formed; a list of terms
would be prepared, and letters of support obtained, by E.S. Wilks for
presentation and discussion in Berlin.
F-20: Nomenclature of Threaded Macrocyclic Molecules. This feasibility
study arose from Project 29/97. A Working Party was formed; a list of
terms would be prepared, and letters of support obtained, by E.S. Wilks
for presentation and discussion in Berlin.
SUMMARY OF PROJECTS AND FEASIBILITY STUDIES
15 Projects, comprising:
- 2 projects published
- 1 project under IDCNS and public review
- 1 project being prepared for IDCNS and public review
- 9 projects under discussion by the Commission
- 1 pool-project under discussion by the Commission
- 1 project in collaboration with Commission IV.2
8 Feasibility Studies
OTHER ACTIVITIES
IUPAC
COMMISSION IV.2
Polymer Characterization and Properties
The Commission performs projects on the characterization
and properties of polymers, through its working parties, that are of
concern to the international polymer community, and which require input
from this community. The structure of the Commission is based on a Commission
Committee with its National representatives and Associate members, together
with three Working Parties. The Commission has about 180 active scientists
from Academe and Industry representing over 20 countries. The output
and activities of the Commission over the last two years have been the
publication of 12 papers.
The commission
held a symposium in July, in Sydney 1998 with four aims.
(i) Review of all Commission projects
(by the project coordinators or working party Chairs).
(ii) Workshop on what our future scientific
themes should be
(iii) Commission structure and its future
shape and form.
(iv) Critical review of work.
Working
Party IV.2.1 "Structure and Properties of Commercial Plastics"
(Dr H M Laun)
Current Projects
Melt Rheology and Concomitant Morphology
in Polyblends and Polyalloys (421/15/86)
Coordinator(s): A.P. Plochocki. Comprehensive experimental work completed.
Draft publication for PAC in final revision. Completion Date: 1996
Structure-Property Relationship of
Discontinuous Fibre Reinforced Plastics (421/28/89).
Coordinator(s): M. Bevis, A. Cervenka, and W. Gleissle. Final paper
for PAC on rheology of reprocessed material in preparation. Completion
Date: 1999
Rubber Toughening of Plastics
(421/29/91)
Coordinator(s): C.B. Bucknall and M. Kozlowski Experimental work close
to completion. 2 papers for PAC in submission process. 1 paper published
in J. Polym. Sci., 3 or 4 additional publications planned. 1997-8 publication:
Mechanisms of cavitation over a range of temperatures in rubber-toughened
PSAN containing three-stage core-shell particles by J.U.Starke, R.Godehardt,
G.H.Michler and C.B.Bucknall, J. Mat. Sci., 22 (1997) 1855-1860. Completion
Date: 2001
The Influence of Reprocessing on the Structure-Property
Characteristics of a Plasticised PVC Compound.
(421/30/93) Coordinator(s):
D.R. Moore and C. Dehennau Experimental work completed. Draft publication
for PAC available. Completion Date: 2000
Structure and Properties of Hydrogenated
NBR. (421/31/93)
Coordinator(s): T. Kobatake and T. Masuda. Experimental work finished.
2 publications for PAC in preparation. Completion Date: 1998
Characterization of finite length fibre
composites: Part I. (421/32/95).
Coordinator(s) D.R. Moore and A. Cervenka. Introductory paper by A.Cervenka
and P.S.Allan, Pure Appl. Chem. (1997) 1693-1705. Completion
Date: 2000
Characterization of finite length fibre composites:
Part II. (421/32/95)
Coordinator(s) D.R. Moore and A Cervenka. Mechanical performance of
injection moulded composites: by L.Glas, P.S. Allan, T. Vu-Khjan and
A. Cervenka, Pure Appl. Chem.(1997) 1707-1723. Completion Date:
2000
Characterization of finite length fibre
composites: Part III. (421/32/95)
Coordinator(s) D.R. Moore and A Cervenka. Studies on thin sections extracted
from moldings (Wafers) by A.Cervenka and P.S.Allan, Pure Appl. Chem.
(1997) 1725-1740. Completion Date: 2000
Characterization of finite length fibre
composites: Part IV. (421/32/95)
Coordinator(s) D.R. Moore and A. Cervenka. Structural studies on injection
moulded composites by Bradsky, R.S.Bailey, A. Cervenka, G.Zachmann and
P.S.Allan, Pure Appl. Chem. 69 (1997) 2523-2539. Completion Date:
2000
Characterization of finite length fibre
composites: Part V.
(421/32/95) Coordinator(s)
D.R.Moore and A. Cervenka. Modelling of stiffness by P.S.Allan, A. Cervenka,
and D.R. Moore, Pure Appl.Chem. (1997) 1741-1751. Completion
Date: 2000
Characterization of finite length fibre
composites: Part VI.
(421/32/95) Coordinator(s) D.R. Moore and A. Cervenka. Rheological studies
of materials based on the PP matrix by R.S.Bailey and D.J.Groves, Pure
Appl. Chem. 69 (1997) 2541-2565.
Future Requirements in the Characterization
of Continuous Fibre Reinforced Polymeric Composites. (421/32/95).
Coordinator(s): D.R. Moore and A. Cervenka. 1 paper for PAC planned.
Drafts of chapters available. Completion Date: 2000
Rheological and Mechanical Properties of
P-alpha-MSAN/PMMA Blends in Miscible and Phase Separated Regimes of
Various Morphologies. (421/33/95)
Coordinators: H.M. Laun, L. Lyngaae-Jörgensen and V. Altstädt.
Experimental work on rheology close to completion. Experiments on mechanical
properties ongoing. Efforts are undertaken to provide the complete phase
diagram. Rheological and mechanical properties of poly(alpha-methylstyrene-co-acrylonitrile)/poly(methyl
methacrylate) blends in miscible and phase separated regimes of various
morphologies. Part 1. Characterization of constituents, blend preparation,
and overview on blend morphology. Pure Appl. Chem. 70 (1998)
1547-1566. Rheological and mechanical properties of P-alpha-MSAN/PMMA
blends in miscible and phase separated regimes of various morphologies.
Part 2. Limits of miscibility in the quiescent state and during flow"
by V. Schytt and J. Lyngaae-Jorgensen, Polym.Networks blends 7 (1997)
77-86. Four additional publications planned. Completion
Date: 2001
Property Improvement via Interfacial Chemical
Reaction - Reactive Extrusion of EVOH/SMA and Polyamide/MAH-EPR. (421/34/95)
Coordinator(s): J.E. Curry, J.G. Bonner, and P.S. Hope. Experimental
work on Nylon 12/MAH-g-EPR ongoing. Second paper for PAC planned concerned
with the mechanical properties. A collaborative study of the structure
and rheological properties of EVOH/SMA blends produced by reaction extrusion
by P.S. Hope, J.G. Bonner and J.E. Curry, Pure Appl. Chem., 68
(1996) 1665-1685. Completion Date: 2001
Effects of Side-Chain Branching on Processability
of Commercial Polycarbonates. (421/35/97)
Coordinator(s): M. Takahashi, K. Sato, T. Masuda. Samples distributed
and experimental work ongoing. 1 or 2 papers for PAC planned. Completion
Date: 2000
Studies on Biodegradable Poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (421/36/97)
Coordinator(s): M. Hirami, M. Mochizuki, T. Hayashi. Experimental work
almost finished. Second paper for PAC in preparation. Studies on biodegradable
poly(hexano-6-lactone) fibres. 1. Structure and properties of drawn
poly(hexano-6-lactone) fibres by M.Mochizuki, K. Nakayame, R. Qian,
B.-Z. Jiang, M.Hirami, T.Hayashi, T.Masuda, and A.Nakajima, Pure
& Appl. Chem. 69 (1997) 2567-2575. Completion
Date: 1999
Working Party IV.2.2
"Molecular Characterization of Commercial Plastics" (Dr D
Berek)
Activities were restarted in 1996. Six projects
were proposed and accepted at the General Assembly in Geneva in August
1997. The Working Party has 38 members with participation from 14 different
countries.
Nomenclature of chromatography of polymers
and related substances. (422/1/98)
Coordinator(s): D. Berek. No reports yet available. Completion Date:
2000
Characterization of polyelectrolytes in
aqueous solution by GPC, light scattering, viscometry, ultracentrifuge
or similar methods. (422/2/98)
Coordinator(s): R. Bruessau. First round is finished and the publication
is under preparation. Completion Date:
2000
Size exclusion chromatography dispersion
correction. (422/3/98)
Coordinator(s): M. Potschka. No reports yet available. Completion Date:
2000
Precise determination of molecular weight
distributions of polyolefins by high temperature size exclusion chromatography
and hyphenated techniques. (422/4/98)
Coordinator(s): D. Lilge. No reports yet available. Completion
Date: 2000
EC/GPC of polystyrenes. (422/5/98)
Coordinator(s): S. Mori. First round completed. No reports yet available.
Completion Date: 2000
Molecular characterization of polyamides
6, 11 and 12.(422/6/98)
Coordinator(s): E. Robert. 2/2 First round was finished and the publication
is under preparation. Completion Date: 2000
Working Party IV.2.8
"Modelling of polymerization Kinetics and Processes" (Prof
M Buback)
Critically Evaluated Database of Kinetic
Parameters for Free-Radical Polymerization (428/6/97)
This working party has 38 members and one project on the critical evaluated
database of kinetic parameters for free radical polymerization. Recent
activities have focused on pulsed laser polymerization and to use these
methods to "benchmark" other methods.
(A) Papers 1997-9
1. S. Beuermann, M. Buback, R.G. Gilbert,
R.A. Hutchinson, B. Klumpermann, F.O. Olaj, G.T. Russell, J. Schweer,
Macromol. Chem. Phys., 198, 1545 (1997). "Critically
evaluated rate coefficients for free-radical polymerization, 2. Propagation
rate coefficients for methyl methacrylate"
2. Pure
and Applied Chemistry
70, 1415-1418 (1998) "Critically-evaluated propagation rate
coefficients in free radical polymerizations -II. Alkyl methacrylates",
S. Beuermann, M. Buback.
3. "Critically evaluated rate coefficients
for free-radical polymerization 3, Propagation rate coefficients for
Alkyl Methacrylates", to be discussed and finalized before and
at the ACS Meeting, New Orleans, August 1999
Papers to be prepared in the near future (the
experimental material is already available):
4. "Critically evaluated rate coefficients
in free-radical polymerization 4. Propagation rate coefficients of Functional
Methacrylates"
5. "Critically evaluated rate coefficients
in free-radical polymerization 5, Propagation rate coefficients for
Acrylates"
(B) Working Party Meetings since Geneva
Gold Coast (IUPAC Macro 98), Australia, July
12, 1998; New Orleans (ACS Meeting), USA, August 21, 1999
(C) Ongoing work and planned future projects
- Propagation rate coefficients for free-radical
copolymerizations
- Termination rate coefficients in free-radical
polymerizations - Critical evaluation of methods and results
- Termination rate coefficients in free-radical
copolymerizations - Critical evaluation of methods and results
- Chain - transfer rate coefficients in
free-radical polymerizations - Critical evaluation of methods and
results:
- Chain transfer to monomer, chain transfer
to chain-transfer agents
- Initiator decomposition rates
(D) Further activities
An SEC assembly has been installed at the
Slovak Academy of Science, run by I. Lacik. Funding has been obtained
from Volkswagen-Stiftung. PLP-SEC studies into propagation rate coefficients
have been started in Jean-Pierre Vairon´s group in Paris. Having
now several places in the world available for this kind of analysis
is extremely valuable for the intentions of our IUPAC WP activities.
It should also be mentioned that from joint efforts within the WP (colleagues
from the groups of Gilbert and van Herk both working at Kamachi´s
lab), the discrepancies in data from PLP-SEC and ESR are now better
understood and consistent data have been obtained for the systems that
were recently studied.
IUPAC
COMMISSION IV.3
FUNCIONAL POLYMERS
Projects:
Working party on "Recycling of Polymers"
(Chairman: Dr. Norbert Bikales)
The working party presented its final report
at the IUPAC MMD meeting in Geneva, August 1997. The recommendations
were unanimously approved, so that this working party has accomplished
its assigned task. Publication: Macromol. Symp. 135, 287-94
(1998).
Working party on "Biodegradable Polymers"
(Chair: Prof. Anne-Christine Albertsson). 430/5/93
Coordinator(s): A.C. Albertsson and S. Huang. The most recent activity
and meeting took place in the context of the 5th International Scientific
Workshop on "Biodegradable Plastics and Polymers", June 9-13,
1998 in Stockholm. As earlier reported, this group also met in 1997,
with a symposium volume published as Macromol. Symp. 130
(1998). Another report in the Macromol. Symp. Series will be
published in late 1999. The WP also held a special meeting to organize
a group of the European scientists for Biodegradable Polymers. The group
is planning work on Bioenvironmental Polymers: the total environment
which can be renewable polymers as well as biodegradable. Completion
Date: 1997